GodotComponentTest/scenes/World.cs

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using Godot;
using Godot.Collections;

public class World : Spatial
{
    public enum GenerationState
    {
        Undefined,
        Heightmap,
        TileType,
        Objects,
        Done
    }

    // constants
    public const int ChunkSize = 18;
    public const int NumChunkRows = 3;
    public const int NumChunkColumns = NumChunkRows;
    private static readonly Color RockColor = new(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.4f);
    private static readonly Color GrassColor = new(0, 0.4f, 0);
    private static readonly Color DarkGrassColor = new(0.05882353f, 0.5411765f, 0.05882353f);
    private static readonly Color LightWaterColor = new(0.05882353f, 0.05882353f, 0.8627451f);

    private readonly List<Vector2> _addedChunkIndices = new();
    private readonly Godot.Collections.Dictionary<Vector2, WorldChunk> _cachedWorldChunks;
    private readonly Image _heightmapImage = new();
    private readonly List<Vector2> _removedChunkIndices = new();
    private readonly Image _tileTypeMapImage = new();

    // referenced scenes
    private readonly PackedScene _worldChunkScene = GD.Load<PackedScene>("res://scenes/WorldChunk.tscn");

    private List<Vector2> _activeChunkIndices = new();
    private Rect2 _centerChunkRect;

    // delegate void OnCoordClicked(Vector2 world_pos);

    // other members
    private Vector2 _centerPlaneCoord;
    private Vector2 _chunkIndexNorthEast;
    private Vector2 _chunkIndexSouthWest;
    private Array<Spatial> _grassAssets;
    private ImageTexture _heightmapTexture;

    private OpenSimplexNoise _noiseGenerator = new();
    private Array<Spatial> _rockAssets;
    private TileInstanceManager _tileInstanceManager;
    private Array<Spatial> _treeAssets;
    private ImageTexture _viewTileTypeTexture;
    public Vector2 CenterChunkIndex = Vector2.Zero;
    public Spatial Chunks;
    public Color DebugColor;
    public HexGrid HexGrid = new();
    public int Seed = 0;

    public GenerationState State = GenerationState.Done;
    public Vector2 WorldTextureCoordinateOffset;


    // ui elements

    // scene nodes

    // resources

    // exports
    // [Export] public Vector2 Size = new Vector2(1, 1);

    // signals
    [Signal]
    private delegate void OnTilesChanged(Array<Vector2> removedChunkIndices, Array<Vector2> addedChunkIndices);

    [Signal]
    private delegate void OnWorldViewTileTypeImageChanged(Image viewTileTypeImage);

    [Signal]
    private delegate void OnHeightmapImageChanged(Image heightmapImage);

    public World()
    {
        Debug.Assert(ChunkSize % 2 == 0);

        _cachedWorldChunks = new Godot.Collections.Dictionary<Vector2, WorldChunk>();
    }

    // Called when the node enters the scene tree for the first time.
    public override void _Ready()
    {
        Chunks = (Spatial)FindNode("Chunks");
        Debug.Assert(Chunks != null);

        _tileInstanceManager = (TileInstanceManager)FindNode("TileInstanceManager");
        Debug.Assert(_tileInstanceManager != null);
        _tileInstanceManager.TileMultiMeshInstance.Multimesh.InstanceCount =
            ChunkSize * ChunkSize * NumChunkColumns * NumChunkRows;

        InitNoiseGenerator();

        GetNode<Spatial>("Assets").Visible = false;

        _rockAssets = new Array<Spatial>();
        foreach (Spatial asset in GetNode<Node>("Assets/Rocks").GetChildren()) _rockAssets.Add(asset);

        _grassAssets = new Array<Spatial>();
        foreach (Spatial asset in GetNode<Node>("Assets/Grass").GetChildren()) _grassAssets.Add(asset);

        _treeAssets = new Array<Spatial>();
        foreach (Spatial asset in GetNode<Node>("Assets/Trees").GetChildren()) _treeAssets.Add(asset);

        SetCenterPlaneCoord(Vector2.Zero);
    }

    public void InitNoiseGenerator()
    {
        _noiseGenerator = new OpenSimplexNoise();

        _noiseGenerator.Seed = Seed;
        _noiseGenerator.Octaves = 1;
        _noiseGenerator.Period = 10;
        _noiseGenerator.Persistence = 0.5f;
        _noiseGenerator.Lacunarity = 2;
    }

    public WorldChunk GetOrCreateWorldChunk(int xIndex, int yIndex, Color debugColor)
    {
        if (IsChunkCached(xIndex, yIndex))
        {
            var cachedChunk = _cachedWorldChunks[new Vector2(xIndex, yIndex)];
            return cachedChunk;
        }

        return CreateWorldChunk(xIndex, yIndex, debugColor);
    }

    private bool IsChunkCached(int xIndex, int yIndex)
    {
        return _cachedWorldChunks.ContainsKey(new Vector2(xIndex, yIndex));
    }

    private WorldChunk CreateWorldChunk(int xIndex, int yIndex, Color debugColor)
    {
        var result = (WorldChunk)_worldChunkScene.Instance();
        result.SetSize(ChunkSize);

        var offsetCoordSouthWest = new Vector2(xIndex, yIndex) * ChunkSize;
        var offsetCoordNorthEast = offsetCoordSouthWest + new Vector2(1, 1) * (ChunkSize - 1);

        var planeCoordSouthWest = HexGrid.GetHexCenterFromOffset(offsetCoordSouthWest) +
                                  new Vector2(-HexGrid.HexSize.x, HexGrid.HexSize.y) * 0.5f;
        var planeCoordNorthEast = HexGrid.GetHexCenterFromOffset(offsetCoordNorthEast) +
                                  new Vector2(HexGrid.HexSize.x, -HexGrid.HexSize.y) * 0.5f;

        result.ChunkIndex = new Vector2(xIndex, yIndex);
        result.PlaneRect = new Rect2(
            new Vector2(planeCoordSouthWest.x, planeCoordNorthEast.y),
            new Vector2(planeCoordNorthEast.x - planeCoordSouthWest.x, planeCoordSouthWest.y - planeCoordNorthEast.y));

        result.DebugColor = debugColor;
        result.DebugColor.a = 0.6f;

        Chunks.AddChild(result);
        var chunkIndex = new Vector2(xIndex, yIndex);
        _cachedWorldChunks.Add(chunkIndex, result);

        return result;
    }


    private bool IsColorEqualApprox(Color colorA, Color colorB)
    {
        var colorDifference = new Vector3(colorA.r - colorB.r, colorA.g - colorB.g, colorA.b - colorB.b);
        return colorDifference.LengthSquared() < 0.1 * 0.1;
    }

    private Spatial SelectAsset(Vector2 offsetCoord, Array<Spatial> assets, Random randomGenerator, double probability)
    {
        if (randomGenerator.NextDouble() < 1.0 - probability) return null;

        var assetIndex = randomGenerator.Next(assets.Count);
        var assetInstance = (Spatial)assets[assetIndex].Duplicate();
        var assetTransform = Transform.Identity;
        assetTransform.origin = HexGrid.GetHexCenterVec3FromOffset(offsetCoord);
        // TODO: assetTransform.origin.y = GetHeightAtOffset(offsetCoord);
        assetTransform.origin.y = 0;
        assetTransform.basis =
            assetTransform.basis.Rotated(Vector3.Up, (float)(randomGenerator.NextDouble() * Mathf.Pi * 2));
        assetInstance.Transform = assetTransform;

        return assetInstance;
    }

    private void PopulateChunk(WorldChunk chunk)
    {
        var environmentRandom = new Random(Seed);

        var tileTypeImage = chunk.TileTypeOffscreenViewport.GetTexture().GetData();
        tileTypeImage.Lock();

        foreach (var textureCoordU in Enumerable.Range(0, chunk.Size))
        foreach (var textureCoordV in Enumerable.Range(0, chunk.Size))
        {
            var colorValue = tileTypeImage.GetPixel(textureCoordU, textureCoordV);
            var textureCoord = new Vector2(textureCoordU, textureCoordV);
            var offsetCoord = chunk.ChunkIndex * ChunkSize + textureCoord;

            if (IsColorEqualApprox(colorValue, RockColor))
            {
                var rockAsset = SelectAsset(offsetCoord, _rockAssets, environmentRandom, 0.15);
                if (rockAsset != null) chunk.Entities.AddChild(rockAsset);
                // TODO: MarkCellUnwalkable(cell);
            }
            else if (IsColorEqualApprox(colorValue, GrassColor) || IsColorEqualApprox(colorValue, DarkGrassColor))
            {
                var grassAsset = SelectAsset(offsetCoord, _grassAssets, environmentRandom, 0.15);
                if (grassAsset != null) chunk.Entities.AddChild(grassAsset);

                var treeAsset = SelectAsset(offsetCoord, _treeAssets, environmentRandom, 0.05);
                if (treeAsset != null) chunk.Entities.AddChild(treeAsset);
                // TODO: MarkCellUnwalkable(cell);
                //                else if (environmentRandom.NextDouble() < 0.01)
//                {
//                    var chestAsset = (Chest)_chestScene.Instance();
//                    var assetTransform = Transform.Identity;
//                    assetTransform.origin = GetHexCenterFromOffset(offsetCoord);
//                    assetTransform.origin.y = GetHeightAtOffset(offsetCoord);
//                    chestAsset.Transform = assetTransform;
//                    Entities.AddChild(chestAsset);
//                    MarkCellUnwalkable(cell);
//                }
            }
//            else if (IsColorWater(colorValue))
//            {
//                MarkCellUnwalkable(cell);
//            }
        }

        tileTypeImage.Unlock();
    }

    public Vector2 WorldToOffsetCoords(Vector3 fromPositionWorld)
    {
        return HexGrid.GetHexAt(new Vector2(fromPositionWorld.x, fromPositionWorld.z)).OffsetCoords;
    }

    public Vector3 GetHexCenterFromOffset(Vector2 fromPositionOffset)
    {
        return HexGrid.GetHexCenterVec3FromOffset(fromPositionOffset);
    }

    public void UpdateCenterChunkFromPlaneCoord(Vector2 planeCoord)
    {
        if (State != GenerationState.Done)
        {
            GD.PrintErr("Cannot update chunk to new planeCoord " + planeCoord + ": Chunk generation not yet finished!");
            return;
        }

        // mark all chunks as retired
        Godot.Collections.Dictionary<Vector2, WorldChunk> oldCachedChunks = new(_cachedWorldChunks);

        // set new center chunk
        var chunkIndex = GetChunkTupleFromPlaneCoord(planeCoord);
        CenterChunkIndex = new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1, chunkIndex.Item2);

        var currentChunk = GetOrCreateWorldChunk(chunkIndex.Item1, chunkIndex.Item2,
            new Color(GD.Randf(), GD.Randf(), GD.Randf()));
        _centerChunkRect = currentChunk.PlaneRect;

        // load or create adjacent chunks
        _activeChunkIndices = new List<Vector2>();
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 - 1, chunkIndex.Item2 - 1));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1, chunkIndex.Item2 - 1));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 + 1, chunkIndex.Item2 - 1));

        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 - 1, chunkIndex.Item2));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1, chunkIndex.Item2));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 + 1, chunkIndex.Item2));

        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 - 1, chunkIndex.Item2 + 1));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1, chunkIndex.Item2 + 1));
        _activeChunkIndices.Add(new Vector2(chunkIndex.Item1 + 1, chunkIndex.Item2 + 1));

        Debug.Assert(_activeChunkIndices.Count == NumChunkRows * NumChunkColumns);

        foreach (var activeChunkIndex in _activeChunkIndices)
            GetOrCreateWorldChunk((int)activeChunkIndex.x, (int)activeChunkIndex.y,
                new Color(GD.Randf(), GD.Randf(), GD.Randf()));

        // unload retired chunks
        _removedChunkIndices.Clear();
        _addedChunkIndices.Clear();

        foreach (var cachedChunkKey in oldCachedChunks.Keys)
            if (!_activeChunkIndices.Contains(cachedChunkKey))
                RemoveChunk(cachedChunkKey);

        foreach (var chunkKey in _activeChunkIndices)
            if (!oldCachedChunks.ContainsKey(chunkKey))
            {
                _addedChunkIndices.Add(chunkKey);

                var chunk = _cachedWorldChunks[chunkKey];
                GenerateChunkNoiseMap(chunk);

                State = GenerationState.Heightmap;
            }
    }

    private void GenerateChunkNoiseMap(WorldChunk chunk)
    {
        var chunkIndex = chunk.ChunkIndex;

        var debugChunkColor = new Color(Mathf.Abs(chunkIndex.x) / 5, Mathf.Abs(chunkIndex.y) / 5,
            Mathf.RoundToInt(Mathf.Abs(chunkIndex.x + chunkIndex.y)) % 2);

        var noiseImageTexture = new ImageTexture();
        noiseImageTexture.CreateFromImage(_noiseGenerator.GetImage(ChunkSize, ChunkSize, chunkIndex * ChunkSize),
            0);

        // Debug Texture
        var simpleImage = new Image();
        simpleImage.Create(ChunkSize, ChunkSize, false, Image.Format.Rgb8);
        simpleImage.Lock();

        foreach (var i in Enumerable.Range(0, ChunkSize))
        foreach (var j in Enumerable.Range(0, ChunkSize))
            if ((i + j) % 2 == 0)
                simpleImage.SetPixelv(new Vector2(i, j), Colors.Aqua);
            else
                simpleImage.SetPixelv(new Vector2(i, j), debugChunkColor);

        simpleImage.Unlock();
        // noiseImageTexture.CreateFromImage(simpleImage, 0);

        chunk.SetNoisemap(noiseImageTexture);
    }

    private void RemoveChunk(Vector2 cachedChunkKey)
    {
        _cachedWorldChunks.Remove(cachedChunkKey);
        _removedChunkIndices.Add(cachedChunkKey);

        foreach (WorldChunk chunk in Chunks.GetChildren())
            if (chunk.ChunkIndex == new Vector2(cachedChunkKey.x, cachedChunkKey.y))
                chunk.QueueFree();
    }


    private Tuple<int, int> GetChunkTupleFromPlaneCoord(Vector2 planeCoord)
    {
        var centerOffsetCoord = HexGrid.GetHexAt(planeCoord);
        var chunkIndexFloat = (centerOffsetCoord.OffsetCoords / ChunkSize).Floor();
        var chunkIndex = new Tuple<int, int>((int)chunkIndexFloat.x, (int)chunkIndexFloat.y);
        return chunkIndex;
    }

    public void SetCenterPlaneCoord(Vector2 centerPlaneCoord)
    {
        if (!_centerChunkRect.HasPoint(centerPlaneCoord))
        {
            UpdateCenterChunkFromPlaneCoord(centerPlaneCoord);

            UpdateChunkBounds();

            UpdateNavigationBounds();
        }
    }

    private void UpdateWorldViewTexture()
    {
        var worldChunkSize = ChunkSize;
        var numWorldChunkRows = NumChunkRows;
        var numWorldChunkColumns = NumChunkColumns;

        _heightmapImage.Create(worldChunkSize * numWorldChunkColumns, worldChunkSize * numWorldChunkRows, false,
            Image.Format.Rgba8);
        _tileTypeMapImage.Create(worldChunkSize * numWorldChunkColumns, worldChunkSize * numWorldChunkRows, false,
            Image.Format.Rgba8);

        foreach (var chunkIndex in _activeChunkIndices)
        {
            var worldChunk = GetOrCreateWorldChunk((int)chunkIndex.x, (int)chunkIndex.y, Colors.White);

            _heightmapImage.BlendRect(
                worldChunk.HeightmapOffscreenViewport.GetTexture().GetData(),
                new Rect2(Vector2.Zero, Vector2.One * worldChunkSize),
                (chunkIndex - CenterChunkIndex + Vector2.One) * worldChunkSize);

            _tileTypeMapImage.BlendRect(
                worldChunk.TileTypeOffscreenViewport.GetTexture().GetData(),
                new Rect2(Vector2.Zero, Vector2.One * worldChunkSize),
                (chunkIndex - CenterChunkIndex + Vector2.One) * worldChunkSize);
        }

        _heightmapTexture = new ImageTexture();
        _heightmapTexture.CreateFromImage(_heightmapImage);

        _viewTileTypeTexture = new ImageTexture();
        _viewTileTypeTexture.CreateFromImage(_tileTypeMapImage);

        WorldTextureCoordinateOffset = _chunkIndexSouthWest * worldChunkSize;

        EmitSignal("OnWorldViewTileTypeImageChanged", _tileTypeMapImage);
        EmitSignal("OnHeightmapImageChanged", _heightmapImage);
    }

    private void UpdateChunkBounds()
    {
        _chunkIndexSouthWest = Vector2.Inf;
        _chunkIndexNorthEast = -Vector2.Inf;

        foreach (var chunkIndex in _activeChunkIndices)
        {
            var worldChunk = GetOrCreateWorldChunk((int)chunkIndex.x, (int)chunkIndex.y, Colors.White);

            if (chunkIndex.x <= _chunkIndexSouthWest.x && chunkIndex.y <= _chunkIndexSouthWest.y)
                _chunkIndexSouthWest = chunkIndex;
            else if (chunkIndex.x >= _chunkIndexNorthEast.x && chunkIndex.y >= _chunkIndexNorthEast.y)
                _chunkIndexNorthEast = chunkIndex;
        }
    }

    private void UpdateNavigationBounds()
    {
        var cellSouthWest = HexGrid.GetHexAtOffset(_chunkIndexSouthWest * ChunkSize);
        // Chunks have their cells ordered from south west (0,0) to north east (ChunkSize, ChunkSize). For the
        // north east cell we have to add the chunk size to get to the actual corner cell.
        var cellNorthEast = HexGrid.GetHexAtOffset(_chunkIndexNorthEast * ChunkSize + Vector2.One * (ChunkSize - 1));

        var centerCell =
            HexGrid.GetHexAtOffset(((cellNorthEast.OffsetCoords - cellSouthWest.OffsetCoords) / 2).Round());
        var numCells = ChunkSize * Math.Max(NumChunkColumns, NumChunkRows);

        HexGrid.SetBoundsOffset(cellSouthWest, ChunkSize * new Vector2(NumChunkColumns, NumChunkRows));
    }

    public override void _Process(float delta)
    {
        var oldState = State;

        UpdateGenerationState();

        if (oldState != GenerationState.Done && State == GenerationState.Done)
        {
            UpdateWorldViewTexture();

            EmitSignal("OnTilesChanged", _removedChunkIndices.ToArray(), _addedChunkIndices.ToArray());
        }
    }

    private void UpdateGenerationState()
    {
        if (State == GenerationState.Heightmap)
        {
            var numChunksGeneratingHeightmap = 0;
            foreach (var chunkIndex in _addedChunkIndices)
            {
                var chunk = _cachedWorldChunks[chunkIndex];
                if (chunk.HeightMapFrameCount > 0) numChunksGeneratingHeightmap++;
            }

            if (numChunksGeneratingHeightmap == 0)
            {
                // assign height map images
                foreach (var chunkIndex in _addedChunkIndices)
                {
                    var chunk = _cachedWorldChunks[chunkIndex];
                    chunk.SetHeightmap(chunk.HeightmapOffscreenViewport.GetTexture());
                }

                State = GenerationState.TileType;
            }
        }
        else if (State == GenerationState.TileType)
        {
            var numChunksGeneratingTileType = 0;
            foreach (var chunkIndex in _addedChunkIndices)
            {
                var chunk = _cachedWorldChunks[chunkIndex];
                if (chunk.TileTypeMapFrameCount > 0) numChunksGeneratingTileType++;
            }

            if (numChunksGeneratingTileType == 0) State = GenerationState.Objects;
        }
        else if (State == GenerationState.Objects)
        {
            // generate objects
            foreach (var chunkIndex in _addedChunkIndices) PopulateChunk(_cachedWorldChunks[chunkIndex]);

            State = GenerationState.Done;
        }
    }
}